Sunday, November 28, 2010
Theology is not the Privilege of a Few but the Goal of Every Orthodox Christian
Saturday, November 27, 2010
The Divine Liturgy
A Commentary in the Light of the Fathers Source HIEROMONK GREGORIOS 1936€“ Archimandrite Gregorios Hatziemmanouil was born on the Greek island of Mytilene and read theology at the University of Athens, with postgraduate studies in patristic theology at the University of Strasbourg. He was tonsured a monk at the Monastery of St John the Theologian in Mytilene in 1966 and shortly afterwards was ordained into the priesthood. In the same year he joined the monastic community of Mount Athos and is presently the Elder of the small brotherhood of the Cell of St John the Theologian, Koutloumousiou Monastery. He has been a spiritual father and confessor since 1971 in which capacity he periodically travels throughout Greece and to Germany. In addition to The Divine Liturgy his other full length studies and commentaries (in Greek) include Holy Baptism, Holy Confession, Holy Thanksgiving and Holy Communion, Church and Church Attendance, and St John the Evangelist, and he has also published numerous articles and monographs.
This book was translated by Elizabeth Theokritoff from the 4th Greek Edition 2006
This book is available from St John's Bookstore
Saturday, November 20, 2010
When all seems hopeless, God is There!
This book is available from St Herman Press here.
"It is only when man enters in communion with the angels and the saints, that the soul is able to understand the Divine. The Lord sometimes allows this to happen to an ordinary person. When a suffering person has no comfort, no consolation from anyone on earth, when he feels despised and rejected by everyone, then the Lord Himself comforts this soul."
Our Thoughts Determine Our
Lives p.201, Elder Thaddeus of Vitovnica, St Herman
Press 2009
"When an evil spirit sees that a person is trying to please God and is making
progress in the good, it finds its way into the hearts of other people and from
there it envies the godly person. In this manner the fallen spirit creates an evil
disposition in other people toward their brother, and they feel envy toward him.
Under the influence of the demon they commit many evil and malicious deeds
against their brother, spread lies and rumors about him, and disturb him as he
goes about his business.
To us it seems as though men are the ones who envy their pious brother, but it
is really the spirit of wickedness that has secured its place inside the heart of
those people and is envious.
Likewise, the spirit of evil enters the heart of a person who has heard that
misfortune has befallen a man with whom he has not had a good relationship
for a long time. He doesn't know that it is the spirit of hades that is
rejoicing at his neighbor's misfortune." Ibid p.205
"The mind, heart and will are usually divided and separated in the
ordinary person. This is the most common source of our problems
and afflictions. However, with those who have been enlightened by
God, the mind, heart and will are united and the light they have been
given is not only the visible, physical light that they radiate, but a
much deeper and permanent inner light whose abode is the person's
heart. This light is love and it is only with love that man can draw
near to God, Who is pure Love. Our growth and journey toward God
is eternal, for God is indescribable, ineffable and uncontainable.
However, it is through love that we are closest to Him." Ibid p.128
Monday, November 8, 2010
Dreams May Reveal to the Christian the State of His Heart
Jacob's Ladder Source
I used to think that dreams are nothing more than the product of the electrical
activity of the brain during sleep. Of course I grew up reading the scriptures
and I am familiar with the many instances in the lives of biblical characters
where dreams had a significant place. But I doubted that God revealed his will
to men in that manner anymore.
As I read the ascetical and monastic literature of the Orthodox Christian Faith, I
discover that the subject of dreams merited the Father's attention because, as
we
shall see, dreams can be from God, the devils or the expression of our
passions and the activity of our nous (energies of the soul or organ of spiritual
knowledge). Our nous never sleeps.
For most of us, St John's solemn warning applies,"the demons try to disturb us
with dreams, representing to us that our relatives are either grieving or dying, or
are held captive for our sake and are destitute.But he who believes in dreams is
like a person running after his own shadow and trying to catch it.. The demons
of vainglory prophecy in dreams. Being a spirit, he sees what is happening in
this lower air, and noticing that someone is dying, he foretells it through dreams
to the more light-minded. But the demons know nothing about the future from
foreknowledge. For if they did, then the fortunetellers would also be able to
foretell our death. Demons often transform themselves into angels of light and
take the form of martyrs, and make it appear to us during sleep that we are in
communication with them. Then, when we wake up, they plunge us into unholy
joy and conceit. But you can detect their deceit by this very fact. For angels
reveal torments, judgments and separations; and when we wake up we find
that we are trembling and sad. As soon as we beging to believe the demons
in dreams, then they make sport of us when we are awake too. He who
believes in dreams is completely inexperienced. But he who distrusts dreams
is a wise man. Only believe dreams that warn you of torments and judgments.
But if despair afflicts you, then such dreams are also from demons."
St John Climacus, The Ladder of Divine Ascent Step 3 p.19-20, Holy
Transfiguration Monastery 1993
In step 26:103 p.177, we learn that, "There is a demon who comes to us
when we are lying in bed and shoots at us unclean thoughts, so that
when we do not stand for prayer because of our laziness and thus are
not armed against them, we may fall asleep with these foul thoughts
and then have foul dreams too."
And in step 15:54 p.112 St John
writes that, " Always let the remem-brance of death and the Prayer of Jesus (Lord Jesus Christ have mercy
on me!) being of single phrase, go to sleep with you and get up with
you; for you will find nothing to equal these aids during sleep."
Preferably we should have resource to a spiritual father, priest, monk
or confessor to help us discern the source of our dreams. For more on
the place of the spiritual father in the life of the Orthodox Christian
see here.
According to Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, "Dreams are closely
linked with imagination. St John Climacus gives a definition of
dreams: A dream is a movement of the nous while the body is at
rest. There is a distinction between dreams and visions. 'A vision
is something seen more or less consciously when awake. A dream
is something imagined during sleep'. A person perceives visions
by means of his senses, but he sees dreams through the action of
his nous when his body is asleep.
According to St. Nikitas Stethatos, we can see dreams, visions and
revelations while asleep, and he examines the difference between
them. (Philokalia Vol. 4 'On the Inner Nature of Things')
Dreams are images that do not remain unchanged in the imagin-
ative faculty of the nous. They present a confused picture with
constantly altering scenes and forms.
Visions remain constant. They do not change, but remain
imprinted on the nous unforgettably for many years. They
benefit the soul by bringing compunction and revealing fearful
wonders. As a result they keep the beholder reflective and in
awe. (As for example in Patriarch Jacob's vision of the Ladder)
Revelations are theorias granted to the purified and illumined
soul, in a way that transcends sense perception. They reveal the
mysteries of God.
St Nikitas goes on to explain that dreams are seen by materialistic
and sensually-minded people, whose nous is darkened by passions
and whose imagination is mocked by the demons. Visions are
associated with those well advanced on the spiritual path, who
have cleansed the soul's organs of perception. Revelations are
for perfect Christians, who are activated by the Holy Spirit and
whose soul is united to God through theology.
Some dreams are the result of our natural physical state and
impressions made on us during the day. Others are due to
passions, in other words, to unnatural impulses of the soul.
Some are clearly the work of demons. There are however
dreams that come from God and are revelations bestowed
by God, or the angels as God's messengers.
According to Evagrius Ponticus, the demons make an imprint
on the nous by arousing the memory. In general, as St. John
Climacus says, if we wake up from sleep peaceful, this shows
that we have been comforted by the angels unawares. If on
the other hand we wake up troubled, we are suffering as a
result of evil dreams and visions. This is not however absolute
proof, as there is a sort of joy mingled with pride which comes
from the devil.
We saw earlier that one category of dreams originates from
passions, weather of the body or the soul...by studying our
dreams we can observe which passions dominate us, in order to
fight against them.
St John Climacus writes that the heart of gluttons dreams of
food and nourishment, but the heart of those who mourn dreams
of judgment and condemnation.
We know from the teaching of the Fathers that the human soul
has three powers or aspects; the appetitive (desiring) aspect, the
incensive aspect and the rational aspect. St Symeon the New
Theologian writes about how we can understand from dreams
which passions dominate us the most. When the soul's appetitive
aspect is stirred up by social contact, food and enjoyment, it sees
the same things in dreams. When the incensive aspect of the soul
is enraged against its fellows, it dreams of attacks by wild animals
and reptiles, of wars and battles. When the soul's rational faculty
is elated with arrogance and pride, it imagines itself being caught
up into the air, or seated on a high throne, or in command of a
nation.
St Nikitas Stethatos writes that if someone's soul is grasping and
avaricious , he dreams of gold everywhere, and imagines himself
acquiring it, lending it out at interest and storing it up in his
treasuries. And he is condemned for his callousness.
When a person lives all through the day with noetic prayer and
has learnt to converse with God, he does the same during sleep.
His dreams and revelations are linked with God and prayer. It is
possible for him to say the Jesus prayer with his lips even when
asleep. He feels his heart praying continuously.
Metropolitan Hierotheos end his chapter on dreams by giving us
some precious advice on how to deal with dreams. In summary,
a preventive action is required. We must limit our food intake.
We must occupy ourselves with the things of God, inner hesychia
and prayer before sleep. The most effective method of
confronting dreams is to stop them abruptly. We should avoid
thinking about them when we wake up.
Even if we were to reject dreams coming from God, for fear
that they might be from the devil and we could be deceived,
this is a good thing. God praises His servant because He knows
that he acts in this way for fear of being deceived by the devil
who transforms himself into an angel of light.
Confession, repentance and penitence are necessary to cleanse
us from passions. (And therefore help us with evil dreams caused
by our passions)
The advice of a wise spiritual father is very important in helping
us discern the source of our dreams (emphasis mine).
For the complete text of Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos' chapter
on dreams please read, "The Science of Spiritual Medicine",
p.180-190, Birth of the Theotokos Monastery 2010, available from
St Nectarios Press
Recommended Reading
- A Commentary On The Divine Liturgy by St. Nicholas Cabasilas, ISBN: 0-913836-37-0
- A Night in the Desert of the Holy Mountain by Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos Trans. by Effie Mavromichali, ISBN: 960-7070-31-3
- A Spiritual Psalter or Reflections On God excerpted by St. Theophan the Recluse from the works of St. Ephraim the Syrian, Trans. by Antonina Janda, ISBN 0-912927-40-2
- Against False Union ( with a prologue by Photios Kontoglou) by Alexander Kalomiros, Trans. by George Gabriel, ISBN: 0-913026-49-2
- Akathist To Jesus Conqueror of Death, by St Nikolai Velimirovich, Trans. by Interklima, Copyright 2009, English Edition, by St Paisius Monastery, Safford, AZ
- An Athonite Gerontikon by Archimandrite Ioannikios, Holy Monastery of St Gregory Palamas Kouphalia, Greece 1991
- Byzantine Theology by John Meyendorff, ISBN: 0-8232-0967-9
- Christ Our Way and Our Life by Archimandrite Zacharias Zacharou, ISBN 1-878997-74-2
- Christ The Eternal Tao by Hieromonk Damascene, ISBN 0-938635-85-9
- Commentary on The Gospel of St Luke by St Cyril of Alexandria Trans. by R.Payne Smith, Studion Publishers, Inc. ISBN:0-943670-01-2
- Concerning Frequent Communion by Nikodemos the Hagiorite, Trans. by George Dokos, ISBN: 960-86778-5-8
- Confronting Controlling Thoughts by Antony M. Coniaris, ISBN: ISBN: 1-880971-88-7
- Conversations with Children by Sister Magdalen, ISBN: 1-874679-21-5
- Counsels from the Holy Mountain by Elder Ephraim of Philotheou, ISBN: 0-9667000-2-3
- Daily Readings with St. Isaac of Syria, Trans. by Sebastian Brock, ISBM: 0-87243-173-8
- Dance, O Isaiah by Constantine Platis, unknown printing 2000
- Diary Of A Pilgrimage from the Ancient Christian Writers series, by Egeria, Trans. by George E. Gingras, ISBN: 0-8091-0029-0
- Drinking from the Hidden Fountain by Thomas Spidlik, ISBN: 0-87907-348-9
- Elder Ephraim of Katounakia Trans by Tessy Vassiliaou-Christodoulou, ISBN: 960-7407-33-4
- Elder Paisios of Mount Athos Spiritual Counsels, Spiritual Awakening vol 2, Trans by Fr. Peter Chamberas, Holy Monastery 'Evangelist John The Theologian' Souroti, Greece 2007
- Elder Paisios of Mount Athos Spiritual Counsels, With Pain And Love for Contemporay Man vol1, Trans by Cornelia A. Tsakiridou & Maria Spanou, Holy Monastery 'Evangelist John The Theologian' Souroti, Greece 2006
- Epistles by Elder Paisios of Mount Athos, Holy Monastery of the Evangelist John the Theologian, Souroti, Greece 2002
- Father Arseny Trans. by Vera Bouteneff, ISBN 0-88141-180-9
- Flame in the Snow, A Life of St Seraphim of Sarov by Julia de Beausobre, ISBN: 0-87243-223-8
- From St. Isaac The Syrian to Dostoyevsky by Archimandrite Vasileios, Trans. by Dr.Elizabeth Theokritoff, ISBN: 1-896800-34-3
- Grace For Grace: The Psalter And The Holy FathersCompiled and Edited by Johanna Manley, ISBN: 0-9622536-1-8
- Hesychia and Theology by Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, Trans. by Sister Pelagia Selfe, ISBN: 978-960-7070-60-9
- His Life is Mine by Archimandrite Sophrony, ISBN: 0-913836-33-8
- I Love Therefore I Am by Fr. Nicholas V. Sakharov, ISBN: 0-88141-236-8
- In The Light of Christ, St Symeon The New Theologian by Archbishop Basil Krivocheine Trans. by Anthony P. Gythiel, ISBN 0-913836-91-5
- Isaac of Ninaveh ( Isaac The Syrian) The Second Part, chapters IV-XLV, Trans. by Sebastian Brock, ISBN: 90-6831-709-1
- Missionary Lettersof Saint Nikolai Velimirovich vol 1, Trans. by Hierodeacon Serafim, New Gracanica Monastery, Grayslake, IL
- Monastic Wisdom, The Letters of Elder Joseph The Hesychast, ISBN: 0-9667000-0-7
- Mount Athos Renewal in Paradise by Graham Speake, ISBN: 0-300-093535
- Nil SorskyTrans. and Edited by George A. Maloney, ISBN: 0-8091-9810-7
- Not of This World,Compiled and Edited by James S. Cutsinger, ISBN: 0-941532-41-0
- On Prayer by Archimandrite Sophrony Sakharov Trans.by Rosemar Edmonds, ISBN 0-88141-194-9
- On The Apostolic Preaching by St. Irenaeus of Lyons, Trans. by John Behr, ISBN: 0-88141-174-4
- On The Cosmic Mystery of Jesus Christ by St Maximus The Confessor, Trans. by Paul M. Blowers & Robert Louis Wilken, ISBN: 0-88141-249-x
- On The Human Condition by St Basil The GreatTrans. by Nonna Verna Harrison, ISBN: 0-88141-294-5
- On The Incarnation by St. Athanasius, ISBN: 0-913836-40-0
- On The Mother of God by Jacob of Serug, ISBN: 0-88141-184-1
- Once Delivered to The Saints by Fr. Michael Azkoul, ISBN: 0-913026-84-0
- Orthodox Faith and Life in Christ by Father Justin Popovich Trans. by Asterios Gerosterios, ISBN: 1-884729-02-9
- Orthodox Psychotherapy by Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, Trans. by Esther Williams, ISBN: 960-7070-27-5
- Orthodox Spiritual Life According to Saint Silouan The Athonite by Harry Boosalis, ISBN: 1-878997-60-2
- Orthodox Spirituality and The Philokalia by Placide Deseille Trans. by Anthon P. Gythiel, ISBN 978-0-9717483-7-8
- Orthodox Spirituality by Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, ISBN 960-7070-20-8
- Passions and Virtues According to Saint Gregory Palamas by Anestis Keselopulos, ISBN: 1-878997-75-0
- Patristic Theology by John S. Romanides, ISBN 978-960-86778-8-3
- Prayers by the Lake by St Nikolai Velimirovich, The Serbian Orthodox Metropolinate of New Gracanica, Grayslake, IL 1999
- Saint Cyril of Alexandria and the Christological Controversy by John McGuckin, ISBN: 0-88141-259-7
- Santa Biblia Antigua Version de Casiodoro De Reina Revisada por Cipriano de Valera(1602) Revision de 1960, Holman Publishers 2008
- St John of Damascus, The Fathers of the Church series, Trans. by Frederic H. Chase, Jr., ISBN: 0-8132-0968-4
- St Seraphim of Sarov, A Spiritual Biography by Archimandrite Lazarus Moore, ISBN: 1-880364-13-1
- St Silouan The Athonite by Archimandrite Sophrony, ISBN 0-88141-195-7
- St. Symeon The New Theologian, On The Mystical Life, The Ethical Discourses, Trans. by Alexander Golitzin 3 vols. ISBN: 0-88141-142-6 and - 143-4, and 144-2
- Standing In God's Holy Fire by John A. McGuckin, ISBN: 1-57075-382-2
- Symeon The New Theologian, The Discourses, Classics of Western Spirituality, ISBN: 0-8091-2230-8
- Symeon The New Theologian, The Practical and Theological Discourses and The Three Theological Chapters, Trans. by Dr. Paul McGuckin, Cistercian Publications Inc. 1982
- The Acquisition of The Holy Spirit by I.M. Kontzevitch, ISBN: 0-938635-73-5
- The Adam Complex by Dee Pennock, ISBN: 1-880971-89-5
- The Ascetical Homilies of Saint Isaac The Syrian, Trans. by Holy Transfiguration Monastery, ISBN: 0-913026-55-7
- The Authentic Seal by Archimandrite Aimilianos, ISBN: 960-85603-3-0
- The Book of Mystical Chapters, Trans. and introduced by John A. McGuckin, ISBN: 1-59030-007-6
- The Boundless Garden by Alexandros Papadiamantis Edited by Lambros Kamperidis and Denise Harvey, ISBN 978-960-7120-23-6
- The Church Fathers ( Ante-Nicene, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, published by Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody Massachusetts, 37 vol. set
- The Enlargement of The Heart by Archimandrite Zacharias Zacharou, ISBN 0-9774983-2-8
- The Faith of Chosen People by St Nikolai Velimirovich, The Free Serbian Diocese of America and Canada, Grayslake, IL 1988
- The Faith of The Saints , A Catechism by St. Nikolai Velimirovich, ISBN:1-932965-06-8
- The Fifty Spiritual Homilies, Pseudo-Macarius, ISBN: 0-8091-0455-5
- The Gurus, the Young Man, and Elder Paisios by Dionysios Farasiotis, ISBN: 978-1-887904-16-2
- The Heart by Archimandrite Spyridon Logothetis, ISBN 960-86639-4-6
- The Hidden Man of The Heart by Archimandrite Zacharias Zacharou, ISBN 978-0-9800207-1-7
- The Holy Bible NKJV, Thomas Nelson, 1992
- The Homilies of Saint Gregory Palamas by Christopher Veniamin, 2 vols. ISBN: 1-878997-67-X; ISBN: 1-878997-68-X
- The Ladder of Divine Ascent by St. John Climacus Edited by Holy Transfifuration Monastery 1979, ISBN 0-943405-03-3
- The Life of St. Anthony by St. Athanasius the Great, Eastern Orthodox Books, Willits, CA
- The Lives of The Holy Prophets by Holy Apostles Convent, ISBN: 0944359-12-4
- The Living Witness of the Holy Mountain by Hieromonk Alexander Golitzin, ISBN: 1-878997-48-3
- The Luminus Eye by Sebastian Brock, ISBN: 0-87907-524-4
- The Mind of the Orthodox Church by Metropolitan Hierotheos Vlachos, Trans. by Esther Williams, ISBN: 960-7070-39-9
- The One Thing Needful by Archbishop Andrei of Novo- Diveevo, ISBN: 91-2927-29-1
- The Orthodox Ethos, Studies in Orthodoxy Edited by A.J. Philippou, Hollywell Press Oxford 1964
- The Orthodox New Testament 2 vols., Published by The Holy Apostles Convent 1999, ISBN: 0-944359-17-5 & 0-944359-14-0
- The Philokalia, The Complete Text compiled by St Nicodemos of the Holy Mountain and St Makarios of Corinth, Trans. by G.E.H. Palmer, Phillip Sherrard and Kallistos Ware Vol 4 ISBN: 0-571-11727-9
- The Philokalia, The Complete Text compiled by St Nicodemos of the Holy Mountain and St Makarios of Corinth, Trans. by G.E.H. Palmer, Phillip Sherrard and Kallistos Ware Vol2 ISBN: 0-571-15466-2
- The Philokalia, The Complete Text compiled by St Nicodemos of the Holy Mountain and St Makarios of Corinth, Trans. by G.E.H. Palmer, Phillip Sherrard and Kallistos WareVol 3 ISBN: 0-571-17525-2
- The Philokalia, The Complete Textcompiled by St Nicodemos of the Holy Mountain and St Makarios of Corinth, Trans. by G.E.H. Palmer, Phillip Sherrard and Kallistos Ware, Vol 1 ISBN: 0-571-13013-5
- The Philokalia: Master Reference Guide Compiled by Basileios S. Stapakis, Trans by G.E.H. Palmer, Phillip Sherrard, Kallistos Ware, ISBN: 1-880971-87-9
- The Prologue of Ohrid, Trans. by Fr. Timothy Tepsic, vol 1 ISBN: 978-0-9719505-0-4; vol 2 ISBN: 978-0-9719505-1-1
- The Psalter Trans. by Holy Transfiguration Monastery, ISBN: 0-943405-00-9
- The Spiritual World of St Isaac the Syrian by Bishop Hilarion Alfeyev, Cistercian Publications, Kalamazoo, Michigan 2000
- The Way of A Pilgrim trans.by R.M. French, ISBN 345-24254-8-150
- We Shall See Him As He Is by Archimandrite Sophrony Sakharov, ISBN 0-9512786-4-9
- Wisdom. Let Us Attend: Job, The Fathers, and The Old Testament by Johanna Manley, ISBN: 0-9622536-4-2
- Words of Life by Archimandrite Sophrony, Trans. by Sister Magdalen, ISBN1-874679-11-8
- Writings from The Philokalia On Prayer of The Heart, Trans. by E. Kadloubovsky and G.E.H. Palmer, ISBN: 0-571-16393-9